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In case of multiple reports from the same study, we used the most complete and/or recently reported data.
Comprehensive meta analysis 2.2.064 download full#
When an abstract from a meeting and a full article referred to the same report, only the full report was included in the analysis. The search was performed for studies in English language and was limited to human subjects. We used the following keywords for our search: eggs, nutrition, and HF. We conducted a search in PubMed, Cochrane library, and Google Scholar up to May 2016 for studies that reported the association of egg consumption with incident HF. We, therefore, conducted this meta-analysis of population bases prospective cohort studies to examine the association of egg consumption with incident HF in humans. This can help reduce not only the overall morbidity and mortality as well as the healthcare costs related to HF. Identification of simple and inexpensive yet effective strategies to help prevent incident HF can be of paramount importance. However, data on the association of egg consumption with incident HF have been conflicting ( 16– 18). In a recent meta-analysis, frequent egg consumption was also shown to be associated with incident DM ( 15). Dietary choline has been associated with increased trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) production, which in turn may be an important predictor of CHD ( 8).Īlthough data on the association of egg consumption with CHD or stroke are inconsistent in the general population ( 9– 11), an increased risk for CHD, stroke, and mortality has been noted among those with DM ( 12– 14). In addition, they are an important source of various beneficial minerals and nutrients like vitamin A, vitamin D, calcium, xanthophyll, and folate ( 7). Eggs are an important source of phosphatidylcholine in human diet ( 6). Overall, CHD has been shown to account for about 62% (68% in men and 56% in women) of all HF cases. The traditional risk factors for HF include coronary heart disease (CHD), hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), cigarette smoking, obesity, dietary sodium intake, and valvular heart disease ( 5).
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HF has a major economic impact with total projected cost by year 2030 being $69.7 billion, an increase from estimated $30.7 billion for the year 2012 ( 4). Although, survival after HF diagnosis has improved over the years, death rate continues to remain high at ~50% within 5 years ( 3). The incidence of HF approaches 10 per 1,000 population after 65 years of age and remains high around 20% at 80 years of age ( 2). Heart failure (HF) is highly prevalent in clinical practice affecting Americans ≥20 years of age ( 1). On sensitivity analysis, stratification by gender differences, follow-up duration, and region where study was conducted did not alter the main conclusion.Ĭonclusion: Our meta-analysis suggests an elevated risk of incident HF with frequent egg consumption. There was no evidence for heterogeneity ( I 2 = 0%) nor publication bias. When comparing the highest (≥1/day) to the lowest category of egg consumption, pooled relative risk of HF was 1.25 (95% confidence interval = 1.12–1.39 p = 0.00).
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Results: We identified four prospective cohorts for a total of 105,999 subjects and 5,059 cases of new onset HF. All analyses were performed with Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (version 2.2.064). Publication bias was assessed graphically using a funnel plot. A random effects model was used and between studies heterogeneity was estimated with I 2. Methods: Using extensive online search, we conducted a meta-analysis of new onset HF following exposure to egg consumption.
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We, therefore, conducted this meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies to assess the relation of egg consumption with incident HF in the general population. Data on the association of egg consumption with incident HF have been inconsistent. Introduction: Heart failure (HF) remains a major health problem affecting 5.7 million adults in USA.